How to Compare Mortgage Brokers

Friday, June 25th, 2010 at 8:32 am  
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Choosing the right mortgage broker is important, as you want to make sure you save as much money as possible on the mortgage loan that you take out. Being picky about your mortgage broker is more than just a matter of trying to save a few dollars, though – the right mortgage broker will also help ensure that you get the best loan terms available to you, and that you will have someone that you can work with should any changes need to be made to your mortgage loan’s terms. Comparing mortgage brokers is not difficult, but it does require that you have a basic knowledge of what to look for in the mortgage loans that the different brokerages offer to you.

It is important that you understand exactly what a mortgage broker is, of course; unlike a traditional bank or mortgage lender who will offer you a mortgage loan directly, a mortgage broker will pair you with a lender that meets your needs and will act as an intermediary between you and the lender. Because of this you can often get a better deal on a mortgage through a broker than you would be able to directly, since they can do the “shopping around” for you. Different mortgage brokers may offer different rates and terms on the loans that they find for you, however, so it is still important to shop around and compare brokerages before choosing the one that is best for you.

Before you start to compare mortgage brokers, take the time to research the basics of mortgage loans online. Not only will this give you some useful information that can be used as a basis for your comparisons, but you may also be able to learn about mortgage options that you did not know about previously. This does not mean that you have to learn everything that there is about mortgage loans, of course; simply try to cover the basics of loan options, opening and closing costs, and interest rate plans. You may also wish to take the time to find out what the average interest rates in your area are as well as nationwide so that you will have a better idea of how good of a deal the rates that you are being offered are.

Once you have a basic grasp of the mortgage lending process, start looking for mortgage brokers who operate in your area. You should be able to find several using your local telephone directory or internet listings. The more mortgage brokerages there are in your area then the greater your chances will be of finding a good deal on the mortgage loan that you take out, since you will have a number of different options to choose from. Begin contacting each of the brokers that you find and request average interest rate and loan term quotes from each.

When you have collected quotes from a number of different mortgage brokers it is time to begin your comparison. Sort the quotes by the interest rate that is being charged, but make sure that interest is not the only factor that you look at. In addition to the interest rate that you have to pay there may be a number of other costs which can affect how good of a deal a particular mortgage is, and the terms of one mortgage offer may not be as flexible as those of another. Sorting quotes based on interest will at least give you an idea of where the various offers stand based on one of the most obvious factors of the mortgage, however, and can also make it easy to eliminate the offerings of any broker whose rates are much higher than the others.

You may also list the points next to each loan’s interest rate. Points are a percentage of the loan you pay either at closing or rolled into the mortgage principal that acts as a “buy down” of the interest rate. For example, a rate that is 1% lower than a comparable loan may have 1 to 3 points attached to it whereas loan number two has zero points. Depending on the amount you are borrowing, one of these loans may be less expensive than the other. Your particular situation will determine which has the lower overall cost.

Begin comparing the quotes that you have received based on the estimated monthly payments you will have to make, opening and closing costs, and any specialized terms or conditions that certain mortgage quotes might have. Read through the quotes of the mortgage brokers several times to make sure that you have all of the information that you need for your comparison, and begin removing quotes from consideration when you find them to be more expensive or to have more strict terms than some of the other quotes. Continue reducing your potential mortgage loan quotes until only two or three remain so that you can compare them more closely before choosing a mortgage broker. Once you have finished the comparison you should have an idea of the broker who will find you the best deal on your mortgage so that you can then begin the process of getting the exact loan that is right for you.



By: Shawn Thomas

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Mortgage Loans. What Lolls Beneath?

Saturday, June 12th, 2010 at 10:07 pm  
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Assuming that you exceptional reader has come across mortgage loans, then I will start by outlining briefly the aspects of mortgage lending. A government is one of the most commonly recognized aspects either directly or indirectly.

A government can influence mortgage loans directly by establishing and enforcing laws that

will be expected to be complied with by the mortgage lenders while making deals with the borrowers. Conversely the same government can influence mortgage loans indirectly through regulation of the participants like the monetary markets, such as the banking industry and often via state intervention. This means direct lending by the government and public corporations like by state-owned banks.

Mortgage loans are normally pre-arranged as continuing loans, or loans expected to be cleared after long period of time by the borrower. Such loans are nonetheless paid in form of set installments that are periodically paid similar to the annuity and calculated according to the time value of money formulae. This means that the lender use this formulae to calculate the interest amount his money has accumulated after a given period, usually quarter annually, semi annually or even per annum.

Depending on the local legal conditions of economic issues, the most central arrangement would require a fixed monthly payment over a period of ten to thirty years. Over this period the principal element of the loan, the initial amount borrowed would be slowly paid down through allocated over the specified period, while the interest amount rises up, good for the lender. In practice, many variants are possible and common worldwide and within each country.

Mortgage lending will also consider the supposed risk of the mortgage loans. That means the probability that the funds will be repaid by the borrower or not based on his creditworthiness. Therefore he does not honor his obligation to pay the lender, the lender will be capable of foreclosing or repossessing some or all of its original capital; and the financial interest amount in relation to time of defaulting and time delays that may be involved in certain circumstances. There are many types of mortgage loans made use of internationally, but numerous features mostly them. All of these may be subject to local parameter and legal requirements.

One of the numerous features of mortgage loans include the interest that may be fixed for the life of the loan or variable, and change at certain pre-defined periods; the interest rate can also be higher or lower due to economic changes. The next one is the term; mortgage loans generally have an utmost term, that is, the number of years after which an amortizing loan or in other words being allocated over the period in years specified for which the loan will be repaid.

Some mortgage loans may have no amortization or the interest rate may not be distributed over the period of year till the loan is due and thus might require full repayment of any remaining balance at a certain date. Payment amount and frequency is also a feature to characterize mortgage loans, which is the amount paid per period and the frequency of payments; to some extent, the amount paid per period may change or the borrower may have the option to increase or decrease the amount paid. In addition, prepayment is another important mortgage loans. Some types of mortgages may restrict prepayment of all or a portion of the loan, or require payment of a penalty to the lender for prepayment.

Poly Muthumbi is a Web Administrator and Has Been Researching and Reporting on Debt for Years. For More Information on MORTGAGE LOANS, Visit Her Site at MORTGAGE LOAN



By: Poly Muthumbi

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All About Collateralized Mortgage Obligations, Known as Cmos

Monday, June 7th, 2010 at 9:17 am  
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Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs) sometimes referred to as Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMICs), are one of few innovative investment methods available in today’s investment world. CMOs offer relative safety, regular payments and notable yield advantages over other better known fixed-income securities of comparable credit quality.

A wide variety of CMO securities with different cash flow and expected maturity characteristics have been designed to meet specific investment objectives. While CMOs offer advantages to investors, they also carry certain risks which will be further explained in this document. To determine if CMOs fit within your investment portfolio, you should first understand the distinctive features of these securities.

CMOs were first introduced in 1983. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 allowed CMOs to be issues in the form of REMICs, creating certain tax and accounting advantages for issuers and for certain large institutional and foreign investors. Today, almost all CMOs are issued in REMIC form. Remember that throughout this CMO explanation, REMICs and CMOs are interchangeable.

THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF CMOS Mortgage Loans and Mortgage Pass-Throughs When a CMO is created, it begins with a mortgage loan extended by a financial institution (such as a savings and loan, commercial bank or mortgage company) to finance a borrower’s home or other real estate. The homeowner usually pays the mortgage loan in monthly installments composed of both interest and “principal”. Over the duration of the mortgage loan, the interest component of payments in the early years gradually declines as the principal component increases. To obtain funds to generate more loans, lenders either “pool” groups of loans with similar characteristics to create securities or sell the loans to issuers of mortgage securities. The securities most commonly created from pools of mortgage loans are “mortgage pass-through securities” (MBS) or “participation certificates” (PCs). MBS represent a direct ownership interest in a pool of mortgage loans. As the homeowners whose loans are in the pool make their mortgage loan payments, the money is distributed on a pro rata basis to the holders of the securities. Several factors can affect the homeowners’ payments.

Typically, the homeowner will “prepay” the mortgage loan by selling the property, refinancing the mortgage or otherwise paying off the loan in part or whole. Most mortgage pass-through securities are based on fixed-rate mortgage loans with an original maturity of 30 years, but experience shows that most of these mortgage loans will be paid off much earlier. While the creation of MBS greatly increased the secondary market for mortgage loans by pooling them and selling interests in the pool, the structure of such securities has inherent limitations. MBSs only appeal to investors with a certain investment horizon – on average, 10-12 years.

CMOs were developed to offer investors a wider range of investment time frames and greater cash-flow certainty than had previously been available with MBS. The CMO issuer assembles a package of these MBS and uses them as collateral for a multiclass security offering. The different classes of securities in a CMO offering are known as tranches, from the French word for slice. The CMO structure enables the issuer to direct the principal and interest cash flow generated by the collateral to the different tranches in a prescribed manner, as defined in the offering’s prospectus, to meet different investment objectives.

THE HIGH CREDIT QUALITY OF CMOS The Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA, or Ginnie Mae) an agency of the U.S. government, along with U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (GSE) such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA, or Fannie Mae) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC, or Freddie Mac), guarantee most MBSs. Ginnie Mae is a government-owned corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have federal charters and are subject to some oversight by the federal government, but are publicly owned by stockholders.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac issue and guarantee pass-through securities. Ginnie Mae only adds its guarantee to privately issued pass-throughs backed by government issued (FHA and VA) mortgages. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have issues CMOs for quite some time; the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) began to issue CMOs in 1992, and Ginnie Mae initiates its own CMO program which began in 1994. Securities guaranteed or guaranteed and issues by these entities are known generically as “agency” mortgage securities. The agency guarantees enhance their credit quality for investors. In addition, the mortgages backing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage securities must meet strict quality criteria. Those backing GNMA pass-throughs are underwritten in accordance with the rules and regulations of the FHA and the VA, which insure them against default.

The extent of the agency guarantee depends on the entity making it. Ginnie Mae, for example, guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on all of its mortgage securities, and its guarantee is backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government. Holders of Ginnie Mae mortgage securities are therefore assured of receiving payments promptly each month, regardless of whether the underlying homeowners make their payments. They are guaranteed to receive the full return of face-value principal even if the underlying borrowers default on their loans. Mortgage securities issued by the VA carry the same full faith and credit U.S. government guarantees.

Fannie Mae guarantees timely payment of both principal and interest on its mortgage securities whether or not the payments have been collected from the borrowers. Freddie Mac also guarantees timely payment of both principal and interest on its Gold PCs and CMOs. Some older series of Freddie Mac PCs guarantee timely payment of interest, but only the eventual payment of principal. Although neither Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac securities carry the additional full faith and credit U.S. government guarantee, the credit markets consider the credit on these securities to be equivalent to that of securities rated triple-A or better.

Some private institutions, such as subsidiaries of investment bank, financial institutions and home-builders, also issue mortgage securities. When issuing CMOs, they often use agency mortgage pass-through securities as collateral; however, their collateral may include different or specialized types of mortgage loans and/or pools, letters of credit and other types of credit enhancements. These private-labeled CMOs are the sole obligation of their issuer. To the extent that private-label CMOs use agency mortgage pass-through securities as collateral, their agency collateral carries the respective agency’s guarantees. Private-label CMOs are assigned credit ratings by independent credit agencies based on their structure, issuer, collateral and any guarantees or outside factors. Many carry the highest AAA credit rating.

As an additional investor protection, the CMO issuer typically segregates the CMO collateral or deposits it in the care of the trustee, who holds it for the exclusive benefit of the CMO bondholders.

A DIFFERENT SORT OF BOND Prepayment Rates and Average Lives Although CMOs entitle investors to payments of principal and interest, they differ from corporate bonds and Treasury securities in significant ways. Corporate and Treasury bonds are issued with stated maturities. The purchase of a bond from an investor is essentially a loan to the issuer in the amount of the principal, or face amount, of the bond for a prescribed period of time in return for a specified annual rate of interest. The bondholder receives interest, generally in semiannual payments, until the bond is redeemed.

When the bond matures, or is called by the issuer, the issuer returns face value of the bond to the investor in a single principal payment. With a CMO, the ultimate borrower is the homeowner who takes who takes on a mortgage loan. Because the homeowner’s monthly payments include both interest and principal, the mortgage security investor’s principal is returned over the life of the security, or amortized rather than repaid in a single lump sum at maturity.

CMOs provide monthly or quarterly payments to investors which include varying amounts of both principal and interest. As the principal is repaid (or prepaid), the interest payments become smaller because they are based on a lower amount of outstanding principal. A mortgage security “matures” when the investor receives the final principal payment. Most CMO tranches have a stated maturity based on the last date on which the principal from the collateral could be paid in full. This date is theoretical, because it assumes no prepayments on the underlying mortgage loans. Mortgage securities are more often discussed in terms of their average life rather than their stated maturity date. Technically, the average life is defined on the average time to receipt of each dollar of principal, weighted by the amount of each principal payment.

In simpler terms, the average life is the average time that the principal dollar in the pool is expected to be outstanding, based on certain assumptions about prepayment speeds.



By: Marcel Ford

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